Iberia was, throughout the Middle Ages, the European territory with the longest and closest relationship with Judaism and Islam. Despite an irregularly pursued war of conquest and outbreaks of violence in different periods, Christians, Jews and Muslims coexisted for centuries in Spain, in stark contrast with the rest of Europe. For almost eight centuries there existed in the Peninsula an Islamic polity of varying extension and fluctuating borders called Al-Andalus. There, the Islamic model dictated that Jewish and Christian communities, while subject to the monarch, were to be governed by their own law and their own authorities, and in time...
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